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Battery packs

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A rechargeable battery (battery) is a special type of chemical current source that can repeatedly release stored energy and recharge. Unlike conventional batteries, a rechargeable battery can be used repeatedly.

The principle of operation of a battery is based on reverse chemical reactions. During charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy and accumulated inside the battery. When discharged, the reverse process occurs - chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

Areas of application of rechargeable batteries

Rechargeable batteries are used in a wide range of applications:

  • Portable electronics: smartphones, laptops, tablets, cameras.
  • Electric vehicles: as the main source of energy.
  • Energy storage systems: to store energy from solar panels or wind turbines.
  • Medical equipment: portable defibrillators, insulin pumps.
  • Toys: remote controls, radio-controlled models.
  • Tools: drills, screwdrivers.
  • Uninterruptible power supplies: to ensure the smooth operation of computers and other equipment.

Comparison of GEL, AGM (lead-acid), and LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate) batteries

Each type of battery has its own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Let's take a closer look at gel, lead-acid, and lithium-iron-phosphate batteries.

Gel batteries.

Advantages:

  • Safety: The gel electrolyte does not leak, making the battery safer to use.
  • Cyclicality: Withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles.
  • Vibration resistance: Can operate in high vibration environments.
  • Maintenance-free: Do not require regular checking of the electrolyte level.

Disadvantages:

  • Higher cost: Compared to lead-acid batteries.
  • Lower energy density: Less energy in the same volume.
  • Sensitivity to deep discharges: Frequent deep discharges can shorten the service life.

Lead-acid batteries

Advantages:

  • Low cost: The most affordable type of battery.
  • High starting current: Good for starting internal combustion engines.

Disadvantages:

  • Large size and weight: Need more space for installation.
  • Maintenance: Require regular checking of the electrolyte level and topping up with distilled water.
  • Short service life: Fewer charge-discharge cycles compared to other types.
  • High self-discharge: Quickly lose charge during long-term storage.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries

Advantages:

  • High energy density: A large amount of energy in a small volume.
  • Long service life: Withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles.
  • High charging speed: Can be charged and discharged quickly.
  • Safety: Less prone to overheating and fire.
  • Wide operating temperature range: Can operate in a wide range of temperatures.

Disadvantages:

  • Higher cost: The most expensive type of battery.
  • Sensitivity to overvoltage: Overvoltage can damage the battery.
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